The latter thought is further developed and analyzed by Hicks in his observations of aborigines of Australia, Polynesia, Africa and South America. He speculates that primitive people did not view afterlife as a desirable state, and even more, did not recognize death as a distinct and separate phenomenon. For them, death was perceived as a loss of life associated with a tragic accident, disease, or a spike of violence. Hicks points out that pre-historic human life expectancy was around eighteen years; thus, typically, it was not wearing out of a human body but rather an unfortunate event that culminated in the loss of life. While Hicks acknowledges that the civilization of ancient Egypt and India developed an idea of an afterlife as appealing phenomena, he suggests it was an exception rather than a traditional notion in the primitive man’s world. Besides, Hicks supports the contention that some form of after-life belief was universal and presented in many ways in various time frames and civilizations. Furthermore, Hicks expands this idea by illustrating the perception of a soul as an extraterrestrial being by referring to Greek mythology and narratives from the Old Testament. Cave is coining an assertion that the pursuit of desirable afterlife gave offspring to the development of religion and philosophy. Contrary to this idea Hicks offers a different thought, claiming that in fact, it is the religious convictions that made man seek unity with God in the afterlife, and ultimately made immortality more appealing than ever before. Also, Hicks theses contradict Cave’s ideas that the will for immortality served as an impetus for the development of self-consciousness and individualization within the society. In Hicks’…